Friends, in today’s post we will discuss Fundamental of Computer in detail.

The first computer was invented by a man named Charles Babbage and it was invented in 1822. He designed the first program computer and invented a mechanic computer called Differential Engine.

Discovery of another computer In 1938, the United States Navy built a computer called (torpedo data computer). Which was used by the US Navy for safe exchange of information.

The third computer was invented by Konrad Juss in 1939, he first created a Z2 computer using a vacuum tube, and was the first electro mechanical relay computer, followed by an updated version of it was a Z3 computer, using about 2000 relays.

The first personal desktop computer was built by Olivetti in 1964, and after that, each company started making its own computers and laptops.

Computer is an advanced electronic tabulating system that takes raw data as an input from the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions, produces a result, and saves it for future use.

(This is basic introduction of Computer)

A computer can often be divided into three parts. Which is as follows-
1. Input device
2. Output device
3. Cpu
Now we will describe them in detail.

1. Input Device Definition

Devices connected to the computer that send the information given by the user inside the computer, such devices are called input devices.
The names of these devices are as follows:
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Joy Stick
4. Light pen
5. Track ball
6. Scanner
7. Graphic Tablet
8. Microphone
9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
10. Optical Character Reader (OCR)
11. Bar Code Reader
12. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

1. Keyboard

The board of the computer is an input device as explained above. The keyboard can be mainly divided into four parts based on the keys of the keyboard
1. Function keys
(The keys located at the top of the keyboard from F1 to F12 are called function keys)
2. Alphabetic keys
(Keys from A to Z are called alphabetic keys)
3. Special keys
(Special Keys Keyboard such as Backspace, Enter, Shift, Delete, Insert, Home, PageUp, PageDown, End, Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause Break, Arrow Keys (Up Down Left Right), Control, Windows Keys, Caps Lock or Escap Keys)
4. Numerical keys
(This is a count from 0 to 4 and a mathematical symbol like + – * /. Keys that is used to do mathematical calculations on a computer).

2. Mouse

The mouse is an input device. Mainly the mouse has the following functions.
(Click)
Right click and left click
(Scrolling)
With scroll button, you can scroll the left page up and down right.
(Dragging)
You can drag a selected item from one place to another.

The mouse can be divided into three parts depending on its design.

1. Optical mouse

(It redirects the surface through the mouse light and works in it. If we look at the mouse upside down, the light appears below it.

2. Wireless mouse

(Wireless mouse is a wireless device that is connected to the CPU without a wire and uses a battery for power. It has a small device like a pen drive to retrieve input data. Which is connected to the USB port of the CPU or laptop. Which is called the receiver of the mouse.)

3. scroll or mechanical mouse

(This type of mouse is one in which a ball is given to read the surface that rotates with the mouse as the user moves so that two sensors are given inside the mouse to move from left to right and top to bottom. To read the movement of this ball so that the crusher runs on the screen, in which click buttons are similar to other types of mouse (wireless or cordless mouse and optical mouse). So do not be much use because of its low work efficiency.)

3. Joy Stick

(This device is an input device that is used to play games on a computer. This device is mostly used by children who play speed games such as racing games.
Although games can also be played with the help of a keyboard, but playing with a joystick is easy)

4. Light pen

(This is an input device that is used to create graphics on the touchscreen of a computer, images can be made with this device and they can be saved on the computer.)

5. Track ball

(It is an input device that acts like a mouse, it has a ball which is rotated with the help of a thumb, the computer moves the cursor on the screen, it has buttons like the mouse, it usually occupies less space in use.)

6. Scanner

(A Scanner is an input device that saves information or photos displayed on paper directly to a computer.)

7. Graphic Tablet

(A graphic tablet is an input device through which digitized paintings, pictures can be made and saved by hand.)

8. Microphone

(A microphone is an input device through which the voice is converted into a digital signal that can also be saved on a computer.)

9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)

(This device is used in banks. This device is used to read words printed with magnetic ink. Such words are printed on the bank check. There is no fault in its function.)

10. Optical Character Reader (OCR)

(OCR is an input device that is used to read certain types of numbers, words, symbols, and to identify these, the computer has a standard (special font for OCR). It can read the words of credit card and cash register.)

11. Bar Code Reader

(A bar code reader is an input device used to read bar codes. Bar codes are in the form of short lines that hide the price and other details of the product with the help of a bar code reader Can be read.)

12. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

(The optical mark reader is an input device that calculates the reflection of light. This device is used to check the answer book for alternative questions.)

2. Output device Definition

2. Output devices are devices connected to computers that display the results to the computer user.
Some important output devices are named as follows.
1. monitor
2. printers

1. monitor

(A monitor is an out put device that shows the result of commands inputted to a computer. It is a TV-like device. The monitor is mainly of three types (CRT monitor, LCD monitor, LED monitor)

2. printers

Depending on the printing in the printer, the printer can be called two types and it is an output device.
1. Impact Printer
(This type of printers include drum printers, dot matrix printers, chain printers, line printers etc.)
2. Non Impact Printer
(This type of printers include laser printers, inkjet printers, thermal printers, etc.)

3. Cpu Definition

The full name of the CPU is (Central Processing Unit)
Definition of CPU – A device located between the input and output devices, which takes information from the user through the input device, analyzes those information and produces the result on the output device, the device is called CPU.
The CPU can be divided into three parts-
1. Memory unit
2. control unit
3. Arithmetic Logical Unit

1. Memory unit

The three parts of the above CPU can be defined as follows.

There are two types of memory in 1 computer.

1. permanent memory (hard disk)
2. Temporary memory (ram)

The function of each type of memory is to store the information given by the user. The information that is stored in permanent memory can be received by the user anytime in the future, a good example is (HDD) hard disk drive. Whereas information is stored in temporary memory as long as the power is on the computer. A good example of which is (RAM) random access memory.

2. Control unit

The main function of this unit is to control the control unit of the computer, including the input and output devices, and to control the device’s function and maintain the results of the unit, so it is the control unit.

This device controls all areas of the computer’s functioning but doesn’t execute any data.

This device has the following Kinds of purposes –

✔️It’s in charge of controlling the transport of instructions and information between elements of their pc.

✅ It coordinates and manages all components of their pc.

✔️It interprets them, receives instructions from memory and directs the functioning of their computer.

✅It communicates input / output devices for the transport of results or information in storage.

✔️It doesn’t process or store information.

This unit includes two subsections namely,

3.Arithmetic segment

• Logic section
• Arithmetic segment

Function of arithmetic segment would be to do arithmetic operations. Making use of the operations does all of surgeries.

Function of logic segment will be to perform logic operations like fitting, selecting, comparing, and merging of information.

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